Pulmonary infection due to non-tuberculous mycobacterium

**Definition:** A condition of the pulmonary system, caused by an infection with the bacteria Mycobacterium (excluding infections due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae). This disease is characterised by cough, fever, weight loss, and fatigue. Transmission is by direct contact with Mycobacterium in the environment.

**Long definition:** Pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection refers to an infection of the lung with nontuberculous mycobacteria (atypical mycobacteria); They are also called tuberculoid bacilli. Mycobacteria other than the tubercle bacillus sometimes infect humans. These organisms are commonly present in soil and water and are much less virulent in humans than is M. tuberculosis. Infections with these organisms have been called atypical, environmental, and nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. The lungs are the most common site; most lung infections involve MAC but may be due to M. kansasii, M. xenopi, or M. abscessus.

**Inclusions:** - Pulmonary infection due to Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex - Pulmonary infection due to Mycobacterium kansasii - Pulmonary infection due to Mycobacterium xenopi - Pulmonary infection due to Mycobacterium malmoense