Murray Valley encephalitis

**Definition:** A disease of the brain, caused by an infection with Murray Valley encephalitis virus. This disease is characterised by fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, tiredness, or may be asymptomatic. Severe cases may present with confusion, fatigue, lack of coordination, or encephalitis. Transmission is through the bite of an infected mosquito. Confirmation is by detection of anti-Murray Valley encephalitis antibodies in a serum sample.

**Long definition:** This is a zoonotic flavivirus endemic to northern Australia and Papua New Guinea. It is the causal agent of Murray Valley encephalitis (previously known as Australian encephalitis). Patients may have a mild form of the disease with fever, headaches, nausea, and vomiting while others have long-term neurological problems.

**Inclusions:** - Australian encephalitis