Congenital sideroblastic anaemias

**Definition:** A disease caused by determinants arising in the antenatal period leading to the production of ringed sideroblasts; abnormal nucleated erythroblasts. This disease is characterised by the inability to incorporate haemoglobin, which red blood cells need to transport oxygen efficiently. This disease may present with pallor, fatigue, dizziness, and enlarged spleen and liver, heart disease, liver damage, or kidney failure.