Urolithiasis

**Definition:** A condition of the urinary system, caused by dehydration, decreased urine volume or fluid flow rates, or increased excretion of minerals such as calcium, oxalate, magnesium, cystine, and phosphate. This condition is characterised by the presence of calculi originating in the urinary system or which are located within the urinary system. Confirmation is by abdominal radiography, or intravenous pyelography.

**Exclusions:** - Hyperoxaluria - Hypercalciuria - Crystalluria - Cystinuria