Nephrotic syndrome

**Definition:** A condition characterised by severe proteinuria, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in hypoalbuminaemia and generalised oedema. There is also usually hyperlipidaemia. Other manifestations of glomerular disease may be present. There are many possible causes and renal histological appearances. Possible complications include vascular thrombosis, infections, malnutrition and renal failure.