Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

**Definition:** Multiple cysts in both kidneys increasing in number and size from adolescence, associated with development of hypertension and chronic renal failure. Autosomal dominant familial pattern is usual and due to mutations on chromosomes 16 and 4. Non-renal manifestations can include cysts in the liver and less commonly pancreas. Cerebral arterial aneurysms with subarachnoid haemorrhage, and other non-renal vascular abnormalities can also occur.