Cryptorchidism

**Definition:** A disorder affecting males, caused by an abnormality occurring in sex development during the antenatal period. This disorder is characterised by the absence of one or both testes from the scrotum. This disorder may also present with reduced fertility, psychological implications, or increased risk of testicular germ cell tumours. Confirmation is by imaging, karyotyping, or identification of male sex hormones in a blood sample.

**Exclusions:** - Retractile testis migrans