Low back pain

**Definition:** This is a condition which is defined as pain and discomfort, localised below the costal margin and above the inferior gluteal folds, with or without leg pain.

**Long definition:** Low back pain may reflect nerve or muscle irritation or bone lesions. Most low back pain follows injury or trauma to the back, but pain may also be caused by degenerative conditions such as arthritis or disc disease, osteoporosis or other bone diseases, viral infections, irritation to joints and discs, or congenital abnormalities in the spine. Obesity, smoking, weight gain during pregnancy, stress, poor physical condition, posture inappropriate for the activity being performed, and poor sleeping position also may contribute to low back pain. Additionally, scar tissue created when the injured back heals itself does not have the strength or flexibility of normal tissue. Buildup of scar tissue from repeated injuries eventually weakens the back and can lead to more serious injury.

Occasionally, low back pain may indicate a more serious medical problem. Pain accompanied by fever or loss of bowel or bladder control, pain when coughing, and progressive weakness in the legs may indicate a pinched nerve or other serious condition. People with diabetes may have severe back pain or pain radiating down the leg related to neuropathy. People with these symptoms should contact a doctor immediately to help prevent permanent damage. http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/backpain/detail_backpain.htm

**Inclusions:** - Loin pain - Lumbago NOS

**Exclusions:** - Chronic primary low back pain - Chronic secondary musculoskeletal pain - Chronic neuropathic pain - Degenerative condition of spine