Back syndrome without radiating pain

**Exclusions:** - Spondylopathies - Intervertebral disc degeneration - Localised central endplate defect - Spinal instabilities - Strain or sprain of lumbar spine - Spondylolysis - Spondylolisthesis - Atlanto-axial instability or subluxation - Subluxation complex - Torticollis - Spinal enthesitis - Axial spondyloarthritis - Myelopathy - Chronic primary musculoskeletal pain