Alcohol

**Semantic type:** Organic Chemical|Pharmacologic Substance

**Definition:** A volatile liquid prepared by fermentation of certain carbohydrates. Alcohol acts as a central nervous system (CNS) depressant, a diuretic, and a disinfectant. Although the exact mechanism of CNS depression is unknown, alcohol may act by inhibiting the opening of calcium channels, mediated by the binding of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) to GABA-A receptors, or through inhibitory actions at N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptors. Alcohol inhibits the production of antidiuretic hormone, thereby producing diuresis that may lead to dehydration. This agent kills organisms by denaturing their proteins.

**Synonyms:** - ALCOHOL - Absolute Ethanol - Absolute ethanol - Dehydrated Alcohol - Dehydrated Ethanol - ETHANOL - Ethanol - Ethanol - Ethyl Alcohol - Methylcarbinol - alcohol