Clioquinol

**Semantic type:** Pharmacologic Substance

**Definition:** An orally bioavailable, lipophilic, copper-binding, halogenated 8-hydroxyquinoline with antifungal, antiparasitic and potential antitumor activities. Clioquinol forms a stable chelate with copper (copper (II) ions), which inhibits the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome; consequently, ubiquitinated proteins may accumulate in tumor cells, followed by tumor cell apoptosis and the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. In addition, the clioquinol-copper complex appears to decrease the expression of androgen receptors (AR) in human copper-enriched prostate cancer cells. Serum levels of copper are often elevated in patients with cancer; copper chelation may inhibit copper-dependent endothelial cell proliferation and tumor secretion of angiogenic factors.

**Synonyms:** - 5-Chloro-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline - 5-Chloro-7-iodo-quinolin-8-ol - AI3-16451 - CLIOQUINOL - Iodochlorohydroxyquinoline - Mycoquin