Genistein Sodium Dihydrate

**Semantic type:** Organic Chemical

**Definition:** The sodium salt dihydrate form of crystalline genistein, a soy-derived isoflavone and phytoestrogen, with potential antineoplastic, chemosensitizing, and antioxidant activities. Upon administration, genistein sodium dihydrate binds to and modulates the activities of the nuclear estrogen receptors ERalpha (ESR1) and ERbeta (ESR2), and activates the G-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1). In addition, this agent increases the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), which deactivates protein kinase Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK1 and 3; ERK2 and 1), thereby disrupting PI3K/Akt signal transduction and inducing apoptosis. Genistein sodium dihydrate also induces antioxidant enzymes through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, inhibits nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB) activation and decreases inflammation response, thereby sensitizing tumors to chemotherapy. Compared to genistein itself, which has poor oral availability, this crystalline formulation shows improved solubility and bioavailability.

**Synonyms:** - AXP107-11 - Crystalline Genistein Formulation AXP107-11 - Crystalline Genistein Sodium Dihydrate - GENISTEIN SODIUM DIHYDRATE