APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR MANIFOLDING, DUPLICATING OR PRINTING FOR OFFICE OR OTHER COMMERCIAL PURPOSES

**Definition:** This place covers:

Manifolding devices, which comprise assembled sheets or webs and interposed pressure-sensitive layers or intermediaries usually in the form of carbon sheets or layers;

carbons and other pressure-sensitive layers or coatings specifically adapted for manifolding;

apparatus or machines for duplicating or printing, which always use a static original in the form of a sheet for duplicating thereof or a static printing form, usually a printing plate, carrying a graphical and/or alphanumerical text or picture forming the duplicating or printing image;

printing or duplicating, always encompassing the use of ink or colour;

printing apparatus or machines exclusively for special uses like office printing or commercial purposes. These special uses encompass in general an almost low number, e.g. up to hundred, of copies or printed sheets;

addressing or like series-printing machines as an example of specific commercial purpose.

Feeding or handling of substrates to be duplicated or printed is covered from the in-feed device through the whole machine down to the delivery device.

Auxiliary folding, collecting or depositing of sheets or webs specifically adapted for said specific apparatus of the present subclass (cf. B41L43/00 ).

**Limiting references (this place does not cover):** - Sheet materials used for printing purposes -> B41M5/00

**Glossary:** - Manifolding: always encompasses use of pressure-sensitive layers or intermediaries, e.g. carbon - Hectograph or gelatine duplicator: transfer of a sheet-like original prepared with special inks including special aniline dyes onto an open pan containing gelatine,afterwards, paper copies are made by pressing a paper containing substrate against the inked and images gelatine surface - Printing or duplicating: after applying ink or colour onto the surface of the original or of the printing form, the inked image is applied by contact pressure onto the surface of a substrate, most common in the form of paper, which will form the copy of printed matter, - Print image or printing image: a coloured design having any shape, for e.g. alphanumerical characters - Offset print or offset printing: §using an intermediate element, most commonly a blanket cylinder, for transfer in one step of the whole inked print image on the printing element, most commonly a printing plate, onto the surface of the substrate to be printed upon - Stencil: sheet like printing plate having cut outs defining by their openings the print or printing image