SUGARS

**Definition:** This place covers:

Compounds containing saccharide radicals, sugars and their derivatives, e.g.:

Nucleosides, nucleotides

Nucleic acids produced by chemical preparation

Processes for the preparation of the above compounds.

**Limiting references (this place does not cover):** - Derivatives of aldonic or saccharic acids -> C07C , C07D - Sugar alcohols that are hydrogenated forms of carbohydrates, whose carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone) has been reduced to a primary or secondary hydroxyl group, when they do not have an anomeric acetal or ketal (such as xylitol, mannitol, sorbitol).Maltitol ( (4-O-α-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-glucitol) contains a glycosidic linkage (i.e. anomeric acetal group) and is classified in C07H . -> C07C - Alcohols (polyols) of cyclohexane, such as inositol -> C07C35/16 - Aldonic acids, saccharic acids -> C07C59/105 , C07C59/285 - Cyanohydrins -> C07C255/16 - Glycals -> C07D - Compounds of unknown constitution, glycosides -> C07G - Steroid glycosides -> C07J , C07J17/00 - Peptides -> C07K - Polysaccharides, derivatives thereofwhich for the purpose of this subclass are defined as having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages -> C08B - DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification -> C12N15/00 - Using enzymes or microorganisms for the preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals -> C12P19/00 - Production of sucrose. Saccharides, other than sucrose, obtained from natural sources or by hydrolysis of naturally occurring di-, oligo- or polysaccharides -> C13B , C13K

**Glossary:** - Acyclic, aliphatic: Describe compounds in which there is no ring. Acyclic chains may be linear or branched. - Carbocyclic: Where all ring members in a ring are carbon atoms. - Chelate: Intracomplex compound i.e. compound containing intramolecular donor-acceptor bonds. - Heteroatom: Any atom that is not carbon or hydrogen. - Heterocyclic radical or hetero ring: Wherein at least one ring member in a molecule containing a ring of atoms is not a carbon atom.These are considered to exclude saccharide radicals as defined below. - Inorganic compound: A compound devoid of a carbon atom and containing a non-metallic element, or a compound containing a carbon atom, and satisfying one of the following criteria: the compound cannot have a carbon atom having direct bonding to another carbon atom, or the compound cannot have direct bonding between a carbon atom and a halogen or hydrogen atom, or the compound cannot have direct bonding between a carbon and a nitrogen atom by a single or double bond.The following are exceptions to the above and are to be considered as inorganic compounds: compounds consisting of only carbon atoms, (e.g. fullerenes), cyanogen, cyanogen halides, cyanamide, phosgene, thiophosgene, hydrocyanic acid, isocyanic acid, isothiocyanic acid, fulminic acid, unsubstituted carbamic acid, and salts of the previously mentioned acids and which contain the same limitations as to a carbon atom. - Non-metal: The elements of hydrogen, carbon, halogen (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and astatine), oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, silicon, nitrogen, boron, selenium, tellurium and noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon). - Metal: Any element other than a non-metal. - Organic compound: Compound satisfying one of the following criteria: At least two carbon atoms bonded to each other, or One carbon atom bonded to at least one hydrogen atom or halogen atom, or One carbon atom bonded to at least one nitrogen atom by a single or double bond.Exceptions to the above criteria are: compounds consisting of only carbon atoms (e.g., fullerenes, etc.), cyanogen, cyanogen halides, cyanamide, metal carbides, phosgene, thiophosgene, hydrocyanic acid, isocyanic acid, isothiocyanic acid, fulminic acid, unsubstituted carbamic acid, and salts of the previously mentioned acids; these exceptions are considered to be inorganic compounds for classification purposes. - Phosphonic acid: R-P(=O)(OH)2 (wherein R-P is a P-C bond) - Phosphinic acid: (R)2P(=O)OH (wherein R-P is a P-C bond)) - Polysaccharide: A compound having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages. - Saccharide radical: Radical derived from acyclic polyhydroxy-aldehydes or acyclic polyhydroxy-ketones, or from their cyclic tautomers, by removing hydrogen atoms or by replacing hetero bonds to oxygen by the same number of hetero bonds to halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium, in accordance with either of the following definitions: Consists of an uninterrupted carbon skeleton and oxygen atoms directly attached thereto, andIs considered to be terminated by every bond to a carbon atom of a cyclic structure and by every bond to a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, and example:the saccharide radical consists of an uninterrupted carbon skeleton of 5 carbon atoms and oxygen atoms directly attached thereto, and is considered to be terminated by the bond to the carbon atom having three bonds to oygen (i.e. hetero atom ) C07H7/027 (ketoaldonic acid at position 1, see also IPC definition). The second molecule has one "non-saccharide" radical attached to carbon 1 ( C07H7/027 , ketoaldonic acid) another "non-saccharide" radical attached to carbon 1 ( C07H15/02 , methyl ether), the right classification is C07H15/02 according to the last place priority rule, as the anomeric oxygen in methylated. Examples 2-3: in the following two examples the saccharide radical (for the purpose of this classification only) is the whole molecule, and the unbranched sequence of at the most six carbon atoms is indicated with a bracket within the saccharide radical: C07H7/04 ( phosphate radical at position 7 ) or C07H15/02 (radical at oxygen at position 1). The correct classification is then C07H15/02 according to the last place priority rule. The same applies to the second molecule, which has however only one possible classification, i.e. C07H11/04 . Examples 6-7: C07H7/04 (phenyl group) . The second molecule has two "non-saccharide" radicals attached to carbon 1, possible classifications could be C07H7/04 (phenyl group) or C07H15/02 ( methyl at the oxygen connected to carbon 1). The correct classification of the second molecule is then C07H15/02 according to the last place priority rule. Hemiacetal and hemiketal forms of saccharide radicals Saccharide radicals derived from cyclic tautomers of acyclic polyhydroxy-aldehydes or acyclic polyhydroxy-ketones are in cyclic hemiacetal and hemiketal forms. This is a type of stereoisomerism involving formation of an asymmetrical centre at the aldehyde carbon in aldoses and the keto carbon in ketoses. Examples are given for glucose and fructose below. C07H only if they have an anomeric carbon atom (i.e. a cyclic hemiacetal/acetal or hemiketal/ketal). Note: on the anomeric carbon the two hetero bonds to oxygen can be replaced by the same number of hetero bonds to halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium (see point (b) above). - Salt: Compound consisting of at least one anionic part and at least one cationic part. Carboxylate salts – products where the hydrogen in a carboxyl group is replaced by an ion of metal or other cation.