ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES

**Definition:** This place covers:

In main group ( C09B68/00 ), the surface modification of pigments with chemical reactions is covered. Thereby the establishing of covalent/complex bonds of chemical groups on the surface of the pigment is the point of interest.

Certain fluorescent dyes or pigments of specific structure like Fluorescein derivatives ( C09B11/08 ), Rhodamine derivatives ( C09B11/24 ), Stilbene dyes ( C09B23/148 ) etc.); thereby it is mentioned, that there is no main- or subgroup which explicitly mentions properties like luminescense, fluorescense or phosphorescense; luminescent compounds are merely classified by the chemical structure of their chromophore

**Limiting references (this place does not cover):** - Preparation of the mordant compounds -> C01F ; C07 - Intermediate organic compounds to prepare dyes/pigments -> C07C ; C07D - Inorganic dyes/pigments -> C09C - Fermentation or enzyme-using processes to synthesise a desired chemical compound -> C12P

**Glossary:** - Onium group: ionic groups bearing a positive charge comprising nitrogen, phosphor etc. as the charged atom - Aralkyl, arylalkyl: unless other specified (exception: C09B1/526 ), both sequences alkyl-aryl and aryl-alkyl are meant (see e.g. C09B1/514 and C09B1/515 ) - Carbocyclic ring: here aromatic as well as a non-aromatic rings are mentioned (no heterocyclic rings) - Sulfonated: having a SO3H or SO3‾ group attached - Sulfo: SO3H - Sulfonat: SO3‾ - Leuco form: the form of a reduced dye which is normally uncoloured or only slightly coloured compared to the dye itself (e.g. indigo and its leuco-form) - Vat dyeLeuco dye: sometimes insoluble dyes (e.g. indigoid dyes) are transferred into their soluble derivatives (e.g. leuco form) by e.g. reduction and then contacted with the material to be coloured; the soluble form is then converted into its insoluble form e.g. by oxidation; such dyes are called 'vat dyes' (in German: Küpenfarbstoff) - Cyanine dyes: specific polymethine dyes having N-heterocyclic rings at both end of the polymethin chain (push-pull-system) - Acid dyes: water-soluble anionic dyes - Basic dyes: water-soluble cationic dyes - Substantive dyes (or Direct dyes): are directly applied to the fibre from aqueous solution; especially suitable for cellulosic fibres - Mordant dyes: see definition below in the Annex for C09B65/00 - Reactive dyes: see definition below in the Annex for C09B62/00 - Disperse dyes: are generally water insoluble; the dyes are finely ground in the presence of a dispersing agent; their main use is to dye polyester - Sulfur dyes: see definition below for C09B49/00 - Lakes: A dye made insoluble in order to have pigmentary properties by precipitating the water soluble form of the dye (bearing SO3H resp. COOH groups) by salting out with cations of the rare earth metals (Ca2+, Mg2+, also Al3+)