SHAFTS

**Definition:** This place covers:

Methods or apparatus for making or lining tunnels, galleries or large underground chambers, using underground mining methods only, i.e. not involving disturbance of the ground surface.

Techniques and tools for stabilising such underground constructions against the pressure of the surrounding soil or rock.

**Limiting references (this place does not cover):** - Soil conditioning or soil stabilising materials -> C09K17/00 - Underground spaces made by foundation engineering, i.e. involving disturbance of the ground surface. -> E02D - Deep drilling -> E21B - Drilling or cutting machines for mining or quarrying -> E21C - Safety devices, transport, rescue, ventilation or drainage -> E21F