PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY

**Definition:** This place covers:

Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non active parts, e.g. casings, mountings, vents, separators, current-conducting connections, arrangements for filling or emptying cases with or of liquid.

Electrodes composed of or comprising active material, processes of manufacture and active materials thereof, e.g. electrodes for primary cells, for lead-acid accumulator.

Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, processes of manufacture and catalytic materials thereof.

Primary cells, manufacture and servicing or maintenance thereof, e.g. cells with aqueous or non-aqueous electrolyte, deferred-action cells, printed batteries

Secondary cells, manufacture and servicing or maintenance thereof, heating or cooling; temperature control, e.g. lead-acid accumulators, alkaline accumulators, accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte

Fuel cells or their stacks and manufacture thereof, e.g. alkaline fuel cell, polymer electrolyte fuel cell, solid oxide fuel cell, biochemical fuel cells comprising enzymes as catalysts

Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants, e.g. with reformer or for treatment of residues

Hybrid cells, e.g. Zinc-air battery, half-cell of a fuel cell type and half-cell of a primary or secondary cell type

Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators.

**Glossary:** - Active materials, active masses, active liquids: materials, masses, liquids participating in the electrochemical reactions - Inert electrodes: Electrodes characterised by their catalytic activity - Primary cells: Cells, where the cell energy present in chemical form is not regenerated - Secondary cells, accumulator: Rechargeable cells, characterised by reversible electrochemical reactions - Battery: Device comprising one or more electrochemical cells - NTC, PTC: NTC (negative temperature coefficient) thermistors with their resistance decreasing with increasing temperature, PTC (positive temperature coefficient) thermistors with their resistance rising with increasing temperature - Redox flow battery: Reversible fuel cell in which all electroactive components are dissolved in the electrolyte with a flow circulation system of the electrolyte - Redox fuel cell, indirect fuel cell: Fuel cell where the oxydant or fuel is not reacted directly at the electrode but with the reduced/oxidised form of a redox couple and the oxidised/reduced species are fed to cathode/anode